Concrete is one of the most durable and versatile construction materials, but it’s not immune to damage over time. Environmental conditions, improper installation, and wear and tear can lead to various issues that affect concrete’s appearance and functionality.
As the leader in concrete repair in Wichita, KS, Arise Concrete Leveling provides the following discussion of the types of concrete damage. If homeowners and business owners have this information, they can better understand how to maintain their properties.
Cracks
Cracks are the most visible and prevalent form of concrete damage, which may result from settling, thermal expansion, freeze-thaw cycles, or excessive loading. For example, common concrete crack types include:
- Hairline cracks. Shrinkage causes these minor cracks during the curing process. These lines are often superficial.
- Structural cracks. Larger, deeper cracks can point to serious issues like foundation settlement.
- Thermal cracks. Oscillating temperature changes cause concrete to expand and contract, leading to cracks.
Any structural or thermal concrete cracks can compromise structural integrity and allow water to seep into the substrate. If it does, freeze-thaw damage and the gradual corrosion of reinforcement materials become real possibilities. That’s why experts often repair concrete using epoxy fillers or polymer-based materials to restore its strength and prevent further damage.
Spalling
Spalling occurs when concrete surfaces flake or chip away. These faults often expose interior aggregate or steel reinforcement materials. Typically, concrete spalling can result from:
- Moisture penetration combined with freeze-thaw cycles
- Excess water in the original concrete mix
- The corrosion of reinforcement materials, which exerts pressure on the surrounding material
Professionals address spalling by removing the damaged surface and applying a concrete overlay or epoxy-based filler.
Scaling
Scaling is similar to spalling but is more superficial. It involves the peeling away of thin layers of the surface. Freeze-thaw cycles and de-icing salts commonly cause scaling damage. Owners can prevent most scaling by applying a sealant.
Professionals avoid this problem by using air-entrained concrete during installation. We also repair minor scaling with surface hardeners or overlays.
Pitting
Pitting refers to small, shallow depressions or holes on the surface of the concrete caused by:
- Abrasion from heavy equipment or traffic
- Chemical reactions like alkali-silica reaction
- Freeze-thaw damage
Pitting begins as an aesthetic problem but can worsen over time and cause structural vulnerabilities. Professionals use patching compounds to fill pits and protect the surface with sealants.
Uneven Surfaces
An uneven concrete surface can develop because of improper installation, soil settlement, or localized damage like spalling or pitting. Common specific causes include:
- Poor leveling during the original installation
- Erosion or water intrusion beneath the slab
- Shifting soil or sub-base
Additionally, uneven concrete surfaces become tripping hazards, reduce usability, and are unattractive. Professional grinding and leveling can correct minor issues, but severe cases may require slab lifting using polyurethane foam injection.
Addressing Concrete Damage in Wichita, KS
The types of concrete damage don’t matter as much as addressing the problem promptly. Quick help for driveways, sidewalks, shop floors, and decks can extend the life of these important concrete surfaces and maintain their safety and appeal.
Contact Arise Concrete Leveling today at (316) 867-6565 for a free estimate for concrete repair in Wichita, KS.
